# Patient guides

> General guides from Dr Nazem Al Ioussef, General Dentist in Dubai: cleaning, tooth decay, gum disease, sensitive teeth, root canal treatment, crowns and bridges, emergencies and abscesses, X-rays, children's teeth, bad breath, teeth grinding and mouth ulcers.

Source: https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/  
Updated: 2026-09-28

Everyday questions people ask about their teeth, answered in plain language and based on trusted public health sources. The guides do not replace an examination by a dentist.

- [Everyday care Cleaning your teeth properly Brushing, toothpaste and cleaning between the teeth: daily habits that protect teeth and gums.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/cleaning-your-teeth/)
- [Prevention Tooth decay How decay starts, how it progresses, and what stops it.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/tooth-decay/)
- [Gum health Gum disease From bleeding gums to periodontitis, and the daily care that helps prevent it.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/gum-disease/)
- [Common symptoms Sensitive teeth Why teeth hurt with cold or sweet things, and what helps.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/sensitive-teeth/)
- [Inside the tooth Root canal treatment What happens inside a tooth when the pulp becomes inflamed or infected.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/root-canal-treatment/)
- [Repairing teeth Crowns and bridges How a weakened tooth is covered with a crown, and how a bridge fills the gap left by a missing tooth.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/crowns-and-bridges/)
- [Urgent problems Dental emergencies What to do if a tooth is knocked out or broken, or the face swells, and when to call 998.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/dental-emergencies/)
- [Urgent problems Dental abscess What a dental abscess is, why it needs prompt treatment, and when swelling is urgent.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/dental-abscess/)
- [Diagnosis Dental X-rays and 3D scans Why X-rays are taken, and what each kind of image shows.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/dental-x-rays/)
- [Family health Children's teeth From a baby's first tooth to a first dental visit: teething, sugar and help with brushing.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/childrens-teeth/)
- [Common symptoms Bad breath Where bad breath usually comes from, what helps, and when it needs a dentist.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/bad-breath/)
- [Jaw and habits Teeth grinding Grinding and clenching, often at night: the signs, the causes and what can help.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/teeth-grinding/)
- [Inside the mouth Mouth ulcers Why mouth ulcers appear, how to ease them, and when one needs checking.](https://www.nazemalioussef.com/en/patient-guides/mouth-ulcers/)

## How these guides are written

Each guide is written for a general reader and rests on public health sources listed at the end of the page, such as the NHS, the World Health Organization and the International Association of Dental Traumatology.

Pages are reviewed, and their review date updated, when the guidance they rest on changes. In a life-threatening emergency, call an ambulance on 998.

General health information, not a diagnosis or a treatment recommendation for any individual.